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Archive for the ‘pain and Inflammation’ Category
Thursday, August 26th, 2010
“Learn to live with it.”
That’s what Mike’s doctor told him when he just couldn’t get rid of the chronic pain in his shoulders, a result of years playing professional baseball. He was also told that the prescription anti-inflammatory drugs he was on would eventually destroy his liver.
Mike quit the drugs immediately. But chronic inflammation flared up like a fire inside his body. To top it off, Mike battled severe acid reflux disease and persistent allergies. He felt 30 years older than the 60 years his birth certificate showed.
Inflammation’s Double-Edge Sword
Inflammation is our body’s natural response to injury and infection. It’s a necessary process for protecting and repairing our bodies. However, chronic inflammation like Mike’s can significantly and adversely affect our body’s cells. It’s been directly linked to heart attacks, stroke, and Alzheimer’s – and suspected in many other disease processes. It’s also a tremendous source of pain.
For Mike, the “heat” was on to find relief. At first, his doctor had suggested masking the pain with a variety of anti-inflammatory drugs. But when his doctor admitted the adverse side effects, Mike found out the hard way why natural health enthusiasts consider prescription drugs a method of last resort. He started looking for a better answer.
“Let Food Be Thy Medicine”
Hippocrates practiced and taught nearly 2,500 years ago. Often called the “Father of Western Medicine,” much of what he taught resembles what we call a natural or complementary approach to medicine today. He probably wouldn’t even recognize the modern pharmaceutical-driven approach found in many hospitals and doctor offices as medicine.
It turns out Hippocrates was really onto something when he said “let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” We’ve talked about many foods and herbs with healing properties before, such as boswellia, lemongrass, arnica,
lemon balm, pineapple, turmeric and ginger.
Today I want to tell you about another food you should know about: the purple mangosteen.
The Purple Mangosteen
Mangosteen has been used for thousands of years by traditional healers in folk, ayurvedic, and traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. The indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia used it to remedy a wide range of ailments. They would boil the rind and drink the tea for relief of various digestive issues, infections in the body, inflammation pain, and even malaria-induced fevers. Mashed into a poultice, it was spread over the body to improve numerous skin conditions.
While the fruit’s sweet and tangy, slightly citrus tasting interior pulp gets your attention first, it’s the deep purple yet bitter pericarp (outer rind) of the tangerine-sized fruit that excites scientists and natural health advocates the most. Thanks to its incredibly nutrient and antioxidant-rich pericarp, mangosteen has joined a handful of other superfruits in recent years in gaining widespread notice.
When Mike first heard about mangosteen from a friend a few years ago he decided to give it a try. Since it can be difficult to find fresh mangosteen fruit in the United States, Mike tried a juice supplement made from the whole-fruit mangosteen. He was amazed when years of chronic pain evaporated in 36 hours. Not only that, but he also credits mangosteen juice with stopping his acid reflux and allergies right in their tracks.
The Science Supporting Mangosteen
There’s been a lot of hype about one exotic food or herb after another in the press in recent years. Being skeptical is natural – and healthy. But eating foods rich in antioxidants is backed by solid science. And solid science also backs many of the claims made about the mangosteen. So let’s take a moment to dig into what might make the mangosteen so special.
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) belongs to the scientific family Guttiferae, the same family as St.John’s Wort. What really separates the mangosteen from other natural foods are the amount and variety of a class of phytonutrients called xanthones found in it.
So what are xanthones? Basically, they are a class of plant-derived nutrients with some pretty amazing biological properties… including, some claim, the ability to improve chronic conditions like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, viral and bacterial infections, allergies, and Crohn’s disease among others.
That’s where the mangosteen really stands out. Its pericarp contains a whopping 43 different xanthones – and some of them have never been found anywhere else.
Among the most studied mangosteen xanthones are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-mangostins, garcinone E, 8-deoxygartanin, and gartanin. Over a dozen studies provide evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of xanthones on inflammation alone, which is a major source of pain and disease when left unchecked.
These recent studies and many impartial scientific reviews have begun to add serious credibility to what many Southeast Asians have believed for generations… mangosteen is both tasty and a unique healer.
Where to Find Mangosteen
Until recently, mangosteen had only been available in tropical regions of the world where it’s harvested. Only over the past decade has mangosteen been imported and promoted in the United States in a widespread fashion.
Whole fruit mangosteen can still be difficult to find in the United States outside of specialty health food or import food markets in larger cities. Canned fruit can be found online and in some stores.
More commonly available are mangosteen juice, capsules, and powders through many nutritional supplement and health food stores and supermarkets. Of course, they can be found all over the Internet, too.
What I Recommend
While the fruit is great to eat, if you’re looking at the mangosteen for health benefits I recommend you go with a whole-fruit mangosteen juice or juice blend, meaning it includes the pericarp along with the pulp. After all, it’s the pericarp where you’ll find the abundance of phytonutrients like xanthones. And you probably won’t get nearly as many eating the fruit whole because the bitter rind won’t be pleasant for most to eat directly.
If you drink the juice for health, give it time to take effect. While Mike’s story is impressive, some can take as long as three months to notice an improvement. Since whole-fruit mangosteen juice is so potent you can actually benefit from drinking as little as 1 to 3 ounces at each meal.
Since the use of mangosteen is so new in Western nations, I would love to hear your comments below on your experience with this fruit if you’ve taken it for your health. Was it all it’s cracked up to be for you? Let us know!
Related references:
Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cardenas-Rodriguez N, et al. Food and Chemical Toxicology. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). 2008 Oct;46(10):3227-39.
Berenson L. Science of the Mangosteen and the Role of Inflammation on Chronic Disease. 2008.
Chen LG, Yang LL, Wang CC. Anti-inflammatory activity of mangostins from Garcinia mangostana. Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, ROC. 2008 Feb;46(2):688-93.
Mahabusarakam W, Proudfoot J, Taylor W, Croft K. Study on inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation by prenylatedxanthones derived from mangostin. Chemistry Department, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand. 2000 Nov; 33(5):643-59.
ScienceDaily. Link Between Inflammation, Cancer Confirmed. 2008 Jun 3.
Nakatani K, Yamakuni T, et al. gamma-Mangostin inhibits inhibitor-kappaB kinase activity and decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in C6 rat glioma cells. Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. 2004 Sep; 66(3):667-74.
Bumrungpert A, Kalpravidh RW, et al. Xanthones from mangosteen inhibit inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media. The Journal of Nutrition. 2010 Apr;140(4):842-7.
Posted in Anti-Inflammatory, General Health, Nutrition, Uncategorized, pain and Inflammation | 2 Comments »
Tuesday, May 25th, 2010
 In 1995, actress Karen Duffy – better known as MTV’s VJ “Duff” – returned home to New York after the Emmy Awards in Los Angeles in excruciating pain.
She later described the initial pain in her head like “a burning, sharp pain that felt like I was being electrocuted.” As bad as the pain felt, it soon grew even worse.
Before long, Karen’s monster headache had transformed into a full-body experience. Most of her body was wracked with pain so severe she would curl into a fetal position and try not to cry – even her tears felt like sulfuric acid sliding down her cheeks. The only parts of her body that didn’t hurt were areas mainly on her left side
left numb and paralyzed from whatever disease she had become afflicted with.
Six months of endless MRIs, spinal taps, and other tests later, her doctors through a process of elimination finally diagnosed her condition: a systemic inflammatory disease called sarcoidosis. In Karen’s case, the disease attacked her central nervous system, leaving her partially paralyzed to this day.
While sarcoidosis may affect virtually any area of the body, it most commonly attacks the lungs and lymph nodes where small nodules of immune cells called granulomas are formed. Sometimes these nodules disappear on their own. Other times they leave behind areas of fibrosis, or internal scar tissue.
In the lungs this scarring can permanently impair breathing through pulmonary fibrosis. Actor Bernie Mac, known for his comedic roles in
numerous television shows and movies, was another high profile individual known to have suffered from sarcoidosis. After being hospitalized in 2008 with pneumonia, his publicist announced his sarcoidosis had been in remission for three years and Bernie was expected to make a full recovery. Sadly, Bernie passed away several days later.
Christmas night 2004, yet another legend passed away. Hall of fame defensive end Reggie White, better known to fans as “The Minister of
Defense,” died in his sleep of a cardiac arrhythmia. Sarcoidosis affecting his heart and lungs was ruled the primary cause of death.
While sarcoidosis is a fairly rare autoimmune disorder, inflammation and fibrosis affects every one of us. Half of all heart attacks are caused by inflammation. Considering the widespread problem, no wonder heart disease remains the number one killer in the United States. But that’s not all. Inflammation is also strongly linked to strokes, arthritis, chronic fatigue, and even Alzheimer’s and
other dementing diseases.
Fortunately, the mechanisms behind controlling systemic inflammation are fairly well understood. It boils down to the level of proteolytic
enzymes which counter the body’s inflammatory response to injury, sickness, or tissue irritation.
When we’re young, our bodies heal quickly. Around our mid-20s, a precipitous drop in bodily production of proteolytic enzymes lead to
extended recovery periods from injuries. The older we get, the longer it takes to heal.
Proteolytic enzymes do more than fight inflammation. They also clean your blood, help fight off viral and bacterial infections, and break down excess scar-creating fibrin. Taking supplemental systemic enzymes not only helps your body keep inflammation in check, it keeps you
healthier by boosting cardiovascular, respiratory and immune system functions throughout your body.
The inflammation fighting and scar erasing properties of proteolytic enzymes haven’t been clinically studied yet (to my knowledge) for the specific treatment of sarcoidosis, but anecdotal evidence from members of sarcoidosis support groups who have tried them indicates it has helped alleviate even symptoms of this harsh disease.
It’s certainly worth further study for sarcoidosis patients – and worth taking to maintain good health in everyone else over age 25. A
30-day supply of systemic enzymes and other natural anti-inflammatory ingredients is currently being offered free at The Healthy Back Institute’s website for those who would like to try them.
Related references
Carney, K. Former MTV VJ tells of battle with chronic illness. CNN Headline News. 2003, Sep 19.
Duffy, K. Model Patient: My Life As an Incurable Wise-Ass. Harper Paperbacks. 2001.
Mignot, S. Actor And Comedian Bernie Mac Dies At Age 50. CBS 2 Chicago. 2008, Aug 9.
Sun-Times Media Wire. Bernie Mac Expected To Recover, Publicist Says. Chicago Sun-Times. 2008, Aug 3.
FastStats – Heart Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010, Apr 15.
Mecklenburg County Office of the Medical Examiner. Report of Autopsy Examination for Reginald Howard White. 2005, Apr 25.
Posted in Anti-Inflammatory, Back Pain, Fibromyalgia, Heal-n-Soothe, Proteolytic Systemic Enzymes, Supplements, Uncategorized, pain and Inflammation | 2 Comments »
Saturday, April 17th, 2010
 If you’re suffering from chronic lower back pain and past your college years you may want your doctor to check for spinal stenosis. But if your doctor suggests spinal fusion surgery you may want to think twice.
So first of all, what is spinal stenosis? Basically it’s a narrowing of the spinal canal which can put pressure on the spinal cord and other spinal nerves. This happens most commonly in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) areas of the spine. Muscle weakness, numbness and lower back pain from lumbar spinal stenosis typically result.
Not everyone with spinal stenosis experiences back pain. That’s a very good thing since 1 in 5 adults have it by their 40th birthday. And nearly half of those who reach age 60 will have a narrowed spinal column. Yet that doesn’t stop doctors from making surgery an alarmingly common outcome of a spinal stenosis diagnosis.
For decades, the fastest growth in lumbar surgery has been among older patients with spinal stenosis. Now a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association has acknowledged that the number patients with spinal stenosis receiving the most complex spinal fusion surgeries has skyrocketed in recent years. When it comes to spinal stenosis surgery, the study found there were three basic categories of back surgery used (in order from least to most invasive):
- Decompression surgery – bone is cut away from where it is pressing on nerves in the spinal
canal
- Simple fusion surgery – two vertebrae are permanently fused together using a bone graft and
possibly plates and screws
- Complex fusion surgery – three or more vertebrae are fused together and/or the vertebrae are fused on both the front and back of the spine
Guess which type of surgery was used 15 TIMES more frequently in 2007 than it was in 2002? The same one with the highest average cost at over $80,000 per procedure – complex fusion surgery.
One might hope that the more complex surgery is used because it has better results. No dice. 13% of patients are back in the hospital within 30 days. One in five need lower back surgery again within 10 years. Worse yet, risk of major complications like stroke and risk of death within 30 days of surgery are both double that of decompression
surgery.
And in spite of all the talk about improved surgical techniques and new surgical implant devices approved since the mid-90s, the number of successful outcomes has declined. A study at the University of Washington found fusion surgery patients between 1997-2000 were 40% more likely to undergo a reoperation within the first year than they
were in the 1990-1993 period. Not exactly progress.
Here’s the bottom line. Spinal surgery – any spinal surgery – is extremely risky business and should be considered only as an absolute last resort. Fortunately it’s rarely your only option for ending pain caused by spinal stenosis.
Most cases of spinal stenosis are simply a result of growing older, with a number of conditions contributing to its development including a herniated disc, osteoporosis, calcification over growth, and scar tissue build up.
That means natural treatments for these are often successful at
relieving lower back pain and other spinal stenosis symptoms.
One of the first places to start with spinal stenosis is nutrition. Most people actually get enough calcium, but to be used properly, you also need to ensure you’re getting enough Vitamin D and magnesium which helps your body keep a proper balance of absorbed minerals. This will help with calcification overgrowth.
Scar tissue buildup is typically the result of chronic inflammation and excess fibrin. Your body eliminates both with proteolytic systemic enzymes. But since your body dramatically slows down the production of those
by your mid-20s you should consider taking a supplement with them.
Herniated discs are usually caused by unequal stress. Correcting muscle imbalances will help your body return to a neutral state to relieve pressure on the disc. And how about painless decompression without surgery?
You’ll love how you feel after using either an inversion table or the Nubax which offer the real benefits of decompression without going under the knife.
Finally, you should recognize that just because you may have spinal stenosis doesn’t mean the pain is actually originating from your spine. 75% of all pain is actually referred from miniature trigger points deep in your muscle tissue, sometimes far from the site of pain. If the above natural approaches don’t end your pain try using a trigger point self treatment system.
Chances are, you’ll find pain relief without needing any type of surgery.
Related references:
Deyo RA, et al. Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults. JAMA. 2010 Apr 7;303(13):1259-65.
Atlas SJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis: 8 to 10 year results from the maine lumbar spine study. Spine. 2005 Apr 15;30(8):936-43.
Martin BI, et al. Are lumbar spine reoperation rates falling with greater use of fusion surgery and new surgical technology? Spine. 2007 Sep 1;32(19):2119-26.
Deyo RA, et al. United States trends in lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative conditions. Spine. 2005 Jun 15;30(12):1441-5; discussion 1446-7.
Martin BI, et al. Reoperation rates following lumbar spine surgery and the influence of spinal fusion procedures. Spine. 2007 Feb 1;32(3):382-7.
Kalichman L, et al. Spinal stenosis prevalence and association with symptoms: the Framingham Study. Spine J. 2009 Jul;9(7):545-50.
S. Samuel Bederman, et al. The who, what and when of surgery for the degenerative lumbar spine: a population-based study of surgeon factors, surgical procedures, recent trends and reoperation rates. Canadian Journal of Surgery.
2009 August; 52(4): 283-290.
Posted in Back Pain, Spinal Fusion, Uncategorized, pain and Inflammation | 7 Comments »
Tuesday, April 13th, 2010
 If you’re looking for pain relief you might find it at your local grocery store. Not in the pharmacy or over-the-counter medicine aisle, but discreetly tucked into the produce section.
The people of Guadeloupe introduced Christopher Columbus to this tasty tropical healer in 1493, but native South and Central American tribes had discovered its amazing attributes long before he sailed in. Today we call it the pineapple.
What makes the pineapple special are enzymes found throughout the plant called bromelain. Bromelain is a protease, or proteolytic enzyme, which means it breaks down protein. That’s why you’ll find it commonly used as a meat tenderizer.
You may be thinking tenderizing your already sore muscles is the last thing you want. But there’s another type of protein bromelain eats up too. It’s a protein called Circulating Immune Complex (CIC). Let me explain.
Our cells talk to each other through receptors. When we’re injured they tell our immune system to produce CIC proteins. The CICs are rushed to the scene of injury or irritation. Pain signals are generated to alert your body to trouble while inflammatory substances are called to build a protective wall around the injured area. These continue until our body sends proteolytic enzymes to counteract the CIC-induced inflammation.
The problem is our body may not produce enough proteolytic enzymes to tell the CICs to stop producing pain and inflammation when they should. That’s because by our mid-20s production of proteolytic enzymes drops off dramatically leaving us vulnerable to runaway inflammation. Left unchecked, inflammation increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, arthritis and dementia related disorders like Alzheimer’s. It causes hidden damage to tissues and organs throughout your body. And it just plain makes it harder for our bodies to heal and stop hurting.
Fortunately there’s a simple answer. Since the cause of runaway inflammation is a lack of proteolytic enzymes, the natural response is to get more of those into our system. That’s why pineapple with its natural proteolytic enzymes in the form of bromelain is such a great find. Eating pineapple increases the supply of proteolytic enzymes present in your body. You do have to eat the pineapple raw though. Cooking or heating destroys the enzymes’ effectiveness. This means canned pineapple won’t work either.
The highest concentration of bromelain is found in the stem of the plant. I’ll admit you would have to really love pigging out on tough raw pineapple stems every day to get the most benefit. Or you can just take a proteolytic enzyme supplement with bromelain harvested from pineapple by peeling and crushing the stem then purified and dried into a powder form to be taken orally without getting the sore mouth.
By the way, pineapple isn’t the only source of proteolytic enzymes. You can also find them in papaya (papain), figs (ficin) and kiwi fruit (actinidin). Good supplements will usually combine various forms of the enzymes for maximum effect. Restoring your body’s proteolytic enzyme levels will go a long ways towards reducing inflammation and ending chronic pain.
Related references:
Murachi, T and Neurtil, H.; Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Fractionation and Specificity on Stem Bromelain
Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., Brinkman, J.; ed. Herbal Medicine, Expanded Commission E monographs; Boston, Mass: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000:33-35
Kapes, B.; Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine; Bromelain, April 6, 2001
Vukovic, L.; Better Nutrition: Pineapple Power; July 2007
Posted in Anti-Inflammatory, Proteolytic Systemic Enzymes, Supplements, Uncategorized, pain and Inflammation | 7 Comments »
Wednesday, March 10th, 2010
 Few widespread health maladies have the ability to camouflage their root cause as well as fibromyalgia. It’s known to mimic symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome, osteoarthritis, post-traumatic stress disorder, lupus and a host of other disorders. Somewhere, hidden among all the symptoms, is a root cause and an elusive cure.
First recorded in 1904, fibromyalgia has grown into a modern era scourge affecting as many as 6 million Americans. Women are nearly nine times more likely to become afflicted than men, but no one is immune.
So what is fibromyalgia?
Fibromyalgia is named after the pain commonly reported in sufferers’ muscles, ligaments and tendons (Fibro = fibrous tissue, myo = muscle, and algos = pain). Research shows fibromyalgia is a syndrome which launches an all out attack on the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems.
Intense muscle pain caused by systemic inflammation is a very common description. One patient gave an account of her pain like “having arthritis in your muscles or charlie horses all day”. More than half of all fibromyalgia sufferers complain of chronic or migraine headaches. Extreme fatigue, sleep disorders, sensitivity to medicine, irritable bowel syndrome, memory loss, difficulty exercising, dizziness, non-cardiac chest pains, stiff joints, numbness and tingling sensations in extremities are also frequently reported.
Diagnosing fibromyalgia
Diagnosing fibromyalgia can be a supremely frustrating experience for patient and doctor alike. Since so many symptoms mimic those of other common disorders, making a diagnosis often comes down to a process of elimination.
Fortunately the American College of Rheumatology published standards to assist physicians with fibromyalgia diagnosis in 1990. The doctor simply applies pressure to 18 different trigger points found along the base of the patient’s neck, backbone, in front of the hip and elbow, and at the rear of the knee and shoulder. If the patient indicates at least 11 of the 18 sites are tender to the touch in addition to widespread pain a diagnosis of fibromyalgia may be warranted.
What causes fibromyalgia?
Some studies suggest individuals with fibromyalgia were genetically predisposed. Others indicate fibromyalgia is a dormant disorder that is triggered by a viral or bacterial infection or a traumatic injury. For example, one woman said she lived a normal life until she was struck from behind while driving. The severe whiplash sustained in the accident was the beginning of a new period in her life dominated by fibromyalgia pain.
That’s the long answer. The short answer is, we don’t know yet – exactly. However, enough evidence has accumulated to show fibromyalgia is typically preceded by a pattern of imbalances. These imbalances may be excessive stress levels, hormone imbalances, inadequate nutrition, poor sleeping patterns, and the list goes on. Discover what imbalances triggered your bout of fibromyalgia and you have the key to recovery in your hand.
How to treat fibromyalgia
There are no set guidelines for treating fibromyalgia since the underlying imbalances vary from one person to the next. What works for one person may not work for someone else, although heat seems to offer nearly universal short-term pain relief.
Drug treatments for fibromyalgia range from analgesics and anti-depressants to hormone replacements. Cortisone treatments may give some temporary relief at $400 per shot too. But long time readers already know my thoughts on these trouble-laden conventional medicine approaches.
A number of alternative medicine pain treatments have found growing acceptance from fibromyalgia patients seeking pain relief without the expense and dangerous side effect risk found with many conventional medicine treatments. Fibromyalgia patients have found practices as diverse as acupuncture, acupressure, Qigong therapy, chiropractic care, and massage therapy to be helpful. A good diet and sticking to a sleep routine is important too. Magnesium has been proven to help muscles relax and 400mg-600mg taken before bed refreshes muscles as you sleep.
The answer to fibromyalgia I found
I’ve studied pain, particularly back pain, for many years. Yet fibromyalgia is one of those chronic pain ailments that left me scratching my own head for quite awhile – until I was introduced to a guy named Greg Fors.
Actually, it’s Dr. Greg Fors, a board-certified neurologist. But I won’t hold that against him because he’s a truly brilliant old school physician. Why brilliant? Because he’s one of the rare breed of doctors who understands that solving a problem requires finding and fixing the underlying cause. Not just covering up the symptoms with drugs or fleecing your patients with unnecessary surgery.
Anyhow, Dr. Fors released a 398-page healing resource awhile back called Why We Hurt: Your Total Self-Care Guide for Backaches, Headaches, Shoulder Pain, Arthritis and Fibromyalgia. It truly gets to the bottom of why we acquire chronic pain ailments, including fibromyalgia. And as a chronic pain survivor himself, Dr. Fors also tells you in his book what he found for himself: how to fix the problem.
After I read his book I was so impressed I decided to give it away free on our company’s main website because the information inside is simply too important for fibromyalgia sufferers. If you’re suffering from fibromyalgia or any other kind of chronic pain, this book can help.
I don’t know how many free copies are left, so I suggest requesting your own free copy right away. If we’re out, try calling my office to see when we’ll have more available.
Related References:
Questions and answers about acupuncture. National Cancer Institute.
Good Living with Fibromyalgia. Atlanta, Ga.: Arthritis Foundation; 2006.
Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB et al. (February 1990). “The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee”. Arthritis Rheum. 33 (2): 160–72
Schweinhardt P, Sauro KM, Bushnell MC. (October 2008). “Fibromyalgia: a disorder of the brain?”. Neuroscientist. 14 (5): 415–21.
Posted in Back Pain, Fibromyalgia, Rub on Relief, Uncategorized, pain and Inflammation | 12 Comments »
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